Category
Inspection & Process Safety
Subcategory
Process Safety
Applicable standards
3
Issuing bodies
2
Description
Process hazard analysis (HAZOP) and Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA).
Applicable Standards (3)
API — 1 standard
API RP 754
Process Safety Performance Indicators for the Refining and Petrochemical Industries
Tier 1–4 leading and lagging process safety indicators (PSE, LOPC, etc.).
IEC — 2 standards
IEC 61882
Hazard and operability studies (HAZOP studies) — Application guide
HAZOP study application — guide words, methodology, recording.
IEC 61511
Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
SIS lifecycle, SIL, application of IEC 61508 in process industries.
Key requirements (9)
- Safety Instrumented Systems for the process industry.
- Safety lifecycle: H&RA → SIL allocation → design → operate → modify → decommission.
- SIL levels (by PFDavg): SIL 1 (10⁻²–10⁻¹), SIL 2 (10⁻³–10⁻²), SIL 3 (10⁻⁴–10⁻³), SIL 4 (10⁻⁵–10⁻⁴).
- Risk reduction factor RRF = 1/PFDavg.
- SIL determination: LOPA, risk graph, risk matrix.
- Architectures: 1oo1, 1oo2, 2oo3, 2oo4 — voting + redundancy for SIL.
- Proof test interval (PTI) drives PFDavg: PFDavg ≈ λDU·PTI/2 for 1oo1.
- MooN voting requires hardware fault tolerance (HFT) per Tables 3/4.
- Cybersecurity: refer to IEC 62443 for SIS.