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API

API 521

Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems

Issuing body
API
Latest edition
7th Edition (2020)
Region
USA, Global
Equipment items
3

Scope

Causes of overpressure, relief load determination, depressuring, flare/disposal system design.

Key requirements (6)

  • Sizing and design of pressure relief and depressuring systems.
  • Relief scenarios: blocked outlet, fire, control valve failure, tube rupture, power failure, thermal expansion, runaway reaction, abnormal heat input.
  • Fire heat input: Q = 21,000·F·A^0.82 BTU/hr (vapor space < 25 ft elevation; F = environment factor 0.3–1.0).
  • Depressuring: typically blowdown to 50 % of design pressure or 100 psig (whichever lower) within 15 minutes for vessels exposed to fire.
  • Flare radiation: max permissible 1.58 kW/m² (continuous), 4.73 kW/m² (limited exposure), 6.31 kW/m² (emergency).
  • Disposal system sizing: must handle simultaneous events — 'global event' analysis.

Related standards (1)

Applied to 3 equipment items

Pressure Vessels & Reactors